| Brazil, officially the Federative
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| | Brazil and return it to the status of
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| Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: Brasil or
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| | colony. This resulted in the small scale
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| República Federativa do Brasil, listen
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| | conflicts known as the Brazilian War of
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| (help·info)[1]), is the largest and most
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| | Independence. On 7 September 1822 Prince
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| populous country in South America; and
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| | regent Dom Pedro I (later Pedro IV of
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| the fifth largest in the world in both
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| | Portugal) declared independence,
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| area and population. Spanning a vast area
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| | establishing the independent Empire of
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| between central South America and the
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| | Brazil. A treaty recognizing the Empire's
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| Atlantic Ocean, it is the easternmost
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| | independence was signed on 29 August 1825
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| country of the Americas and borders every
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| | with Britain and Portugal. As the crown
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| other South American country except
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| | remained in the hands of the House of
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| Ecuador and Chile (viz. Uruguay,
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| | Bragança, this was more the severance of
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| Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru,
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| | the Portuguese empire in two, than an
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| Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and
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| | independence movement as seen elsewhere
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| the French department of French Guiana).
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| | in the Americas.
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| Brazil was colonized by Portugal and it
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| | The Brazilian Empire was formally a
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| is the only Portuguese-speaking country
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| | democracy in the British style, although
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| in the Americas. It is a multiracial
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| | in practice, the
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| country with a population composed of
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| | emperor-premier-parliament balance of
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| European, Amerindian, African and Asian
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| | power more closely resembled the
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| elements, more often mixed in the same
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| | autocratic Austrian Empire. Slavery was
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| individual than separated into different
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| | abolished in 1888, through the "Golden
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| communities. It has the largest Roman
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| | Law", created by Princess Isabel, and
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| Catholic population in the world.
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| | intensive European immigration created
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| Before the first Portuguese explorers,
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| | the basis for industrialization. Pedro I
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| led by Pedro Álvares Cabral, arrived in
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| | was succeeded by his son, Pedro II —
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| 1500, Brazil is thought to have been
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| | who in old age was caught by a political
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| inhabited by semi-nomadic populations for
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| | dispute between the Army and the Cabinet,
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| at least 10,000 years. Over the next
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| | a crisis arising from the Paraguay War.
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| three centuries, it was resettled by the
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| | Pedro II was deposed from the throne on
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| Portuguese and exploited mainly for
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| | 15 November 1889, when a federal republic
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| brazil wood (Pau-Brasil), then sugarcane
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| | (officially, the Republic of the United
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| (Cana-de-Açúcar), coffee beans and gold
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| | States of Brazil) was established by
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| mining. The colony's manpower was
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| | Field Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca.
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| initially composed of enslaved peoples,
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| | In the late nineteenth and early
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| firstly Amerindians and then, after 1532,
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| | twentieth centuries, Brazil attracted
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| mainly Africans.
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| | over 5 million European, Arab and
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| The only recorded transcontinental
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| | Japanese immigrants. During this time
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| relocation of a royal family occurred in
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| | Brazil became industrialized, further
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| 1808 when the Portuguese royal family,
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| | colonized, and its interior further
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| headed by Queen Maria I of Portugal and
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| | explored and developed. Brazilian
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| her son and regent, the future Joao VI of
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| | democracy was replaced by dictatorships
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| Portugal, fled Napoleon's armies and
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| | three times — 1930–1934 and
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| relocated to Rio de Janeiro, along with
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| | 1937–1945 under Getúlio Vargas, and
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| the government and nobility. Although
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| | 1964–1985, under a succession of
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| they returned in 1821, the interlude led
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| | generals appointed by the military. Since
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| to the opening of commercial ports to the
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| | 1985, Brazil has been regarded as a
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| United Kingdom — at the time isolated
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| | presidential democracy, a status affirmed
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| from most European ports by Napoleon —
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| | by a plebiscite in 1993 which asked
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| and to the elevation of Brazil to the
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| | voters to indicate a preference for a
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| status of a United Kingdom under the
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| | presidential or parliamentary system.
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| Portuguese Crown. Upon Joao VI's
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| | Voters also decided not to restore the
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| departure, the remaining royal government
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| | country's constitutional monarchy.
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| in Rio moved to dissolve the Kingdom of
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