Latin America guide


Haiti:the Magic Land

HAITI:  THE  MAGIC  LAND
2000: Haiti is one of the thirty poorest
By  Alejandro  Guevara  Onofrecountries  in  the  Third  World.
INTRODUCTION2000-2001: The elections were boycotted by
the main opposition political parties.
In 1492 Christopher Columbus wrote aboutAristide was again elected President.
Haiti: "The most beautiful in the world".Widespread violent in Haiti allege that
Certainly, Haiti is a wonderful country inAristide's election victory is fraudulent.
the Caribbean. I think that has a specialTotal political censorship exists in national
beauty, with a geography and traditionalmedia.
culture that is totally different from all
the  other  countries  in  Latin  America.2004: This year Haiti is celebrating the
200th Anniversary of their National
Now, this essay is a historical informationIndependence. President Jean-Bertrand
about Haiti, the first black republic in theAristide of Haiti flees to Central African
modern history and one of the poorest nationsRepublic following anti-government
on Earth. Each chapter provides details ondemonstrations. Haiti has one of the most
history, economy, biographies, sport, awards,violent conflict areas in the Americas.
foreign relations, culture and otherAfter, UN troops sent to Haiti during civil
important aspects of Haiti. The people thatsub-war.
don't know Haiti very much think that Haiti
is only one of the world's poorest countries,2006: Rene Preval is sworn in as President of
but the Island is known for its traditionalHaiti. Since the peaceful transfer of power
culture, hospitality, superstitions, history.in February, Haiti is the newest democracy in
Furthermore, Haiti is the home to Nationalthe  Third  World.
Park History, one of the ancient wonders of
the world, and renowned women such as EdwidgeECONOMY
Danticat and Michaëlle Jean were born
there.Like Bangladesh, Uganda or Tanzania, Haiti is
one of the poorest countries on Earth. In
Since then, the dictatorships have destroyed1997, the Haiti's economic growth rate (real
Haitian society, economy, ecology and sport.GDP) per capita was U$ 1,300. GDP per capita
Since 1950, two million Haitian peoplefor Namibia, Botswana and Equatorial Guinea
emigrated to the United States and otherare higher than for Haiti. In the country 4
countries. Haitian-American arrived frommillion people living on less than U$2 a day.
Haiti with nothing more than their clothes.More than 6 million of the Haiti's population
If we compare the Haiti of today to Haiti ofstill does not have access to potable water
thirty years ago, we see a change: a newand electricity. For years of dictatorships
multiparty democracy. Today, a vast part ofhad left the country's economy in ruins. The
the Third World and more than a billioncountry dependent on international aid.
people  are  under  dictatorships.Several hundred thousand farm workers migrate
each  year  to  Dominican  Republic.
Eventually, I would like to finish my
introduction with a message by AlbertIn 1997, total exports for the year were
Mangones: "Haiti is unique in history, goingU$110 million, while total imports were US$
directly  from  slavery  to  nationhood".486 million. Since 1804, the US market has
been the most important export destination
CHRONOLOGY:for Haiti. Nearly 80 percent of Haiti's total
exports are destined for the United States.
1492: Columbus discovered Haiti in the 15thHaiti's exports include sisal, mangoes,
Century.coffee, cotton, bauxite, and sugar. The
Island's imports from the United States
1520-1697: Haiti is a Spanish territory. Ininclude cement, oil, food, machinery and
the late 1500 and early 1600, African slavestransport equipment. France has been the
flocked  to  Island.second largest exports destination for
Haitian  products.
1697-1790: Haiti is a French colony. After
16th Century, Haiti became the most importantIn the past, the tourism industry occupied an
French colony in the Americas. Island´seminent place in the Haitian economy, but
export to Europe included sugar, coffee andseveral political problems have blocked
corn. The beauty of Haiti is recognized bytourism. Haiti was the first country in the
the French in the mid-1700 Century, when theyCaribbean to promote tourism in an
called  it  "Pearl  the  Caribbean".accelerated form. Haiti is a small country
with vast mountains, tropical beaches and
1790-1803: During the French colonizationbeautiful  historic  buildings.
slaves suffers from maltreatment. By the late
1790, pro-independence demonstrations. AnCULTURE
Anti-slavery movement under Toussaint
L´Ouverture began. L´Ouverture is oneLike Katherine Dunham, Lillian Hellman, W.B.
of the most important black leaders in theSeabrook, Erik Leonard Ekman, Alejo
history.During this period of time, HaitianCarpentier, Selden Rodman, Noel Coward and
slaves attack villages. Anti-French protestsAngeline Jolie, many people say that Haiti is
riots brutally suppressed. By the late 1803,the most beautiful country in the Caribbean.
under leadership of Jean Jacques Dessalines,Known as the "Magic Land", Haiti is famous
Haiti army defeated the French forces at thefor its culture. Certainly, Haiti its
Battle  of  Vertieres.culture, its superstitions and its music. The
superstitions or voodoo plays a profound role
1804-1806:A French colony for more thanin the lives of many Haitians. The voodoo was
hundred years, Haiti becomes independent, oneintroduced into Haiti in the late 16th
of the most important events in the history.Century. Haiti is also famous for its
Jean Jacques Dessalines became the firstpainting, and finally for its ruins…for
president of new republic of Haiti, the firstexample the Sans Souci Palace, the most
black republic in the modern history.famous ruins in the Caribbean. Exactly, this
Dessalines is the "Father of Modern Haiti".enigmatic palace is considered a Cultural
Haiti occupies the Western third ofHeritage for Humanity by UNESCO. Originally
Hispaniola, the second-largest Island in theconstructed by black slaves, now Sans Souci
Caribbean.is  one  of Haiti's main tourist attractions.
1804-1820: Unfortunately; Haiti is dividedSince the late 1940s, Haitian painting, best
into two zones. Northern Haiti is occupied byknown as "naïve art" or "intuitive art",
Henri Christopher, who is named Emperor,is famous all around the World. The most
while the north is occupied by Alexanderimportant figure was Hector Hyppolite. His
Petion. Petion is probably the greatestwork made its biggest splash in the United
Haitian  politician  who  ever  lived.States in the 20th Century. Other artists
known internationally include Rigaud Benoit,
1880: Haiti has one of the richest ecosystemsCastera Bazile, Joseph Jean-Giles and
in  the  Caribbean.Jean-Baptista Bottlex.Haiti is famous for its
traditional sculpture. The best Haitian
1900: Haiti´s modern political has beensculptor  is  Albert  Mangoes.
tumultuous,  marked  by  dictatorships
FAMOUS  HAITIAN
1915-1934: Haiti has not had an effective
national government Invasion by United StatesNelust Wyclef Jean (singer/Haitian-American):
forces. US troops sent to Haiti during civilOriginal member of 1990s hip hop group The
sub-war.Fugees. Wyclef Jean is probably the most
popular Haitian singer of all time. Jean was
1918: The Presidential Palace, one of theborn in Croix des Bouquets (Haiti) on October
best national palaces in the world, is17, 1972. When he was just ten years old, he
originally designed by the Haitian Georgesmoved to the United States. Under leadership
Bassan. Bassan is inspired to White Houseof Wyclef Jean and Lauryn Hill, The Fugees
Washington.had several hits in the 1990s, including The
Score (The Score album sold 6 million
1926: Emily Greene Balch, a human rightscopies). Since 1997, Wyclef Jean, as soloist,
activist,  went  to  Haiti.became well-known on the international music
scene. Like songwriter and producer, Jean
1928: Cator is the only Haitian ever to wincollaborated with superstars as Santana,
olympic silver medal. After, Haitian athleteWithney Houston, Mick Jagger,Bono,Tevin
Sylvio Cator breaks the men's long jumpCambpell, Bounty Killer, Eric Benet, Sarah
record in Paris. Cator was given a hero'sConnor, Claudette Ortiz, Tarkan, Michael
welcome  when  he  returned  to  his country.Jackson, Youssou N´Dor, Shakira, Olga
Tañon, Carlos Ponce and Julio Voltio.
1937: In the Dominican Republic, RafaelDuring the last seven years, he has sold more
Leonidas Trujillo ordered national troops tothan 10 millions albums worldwide. In 2002,
massacre  of  20000  Haitian  emigrants.his  single  Masquerade  was a great success.
1940-1950: Haiti is one of the most popularSince then, Wyclef Jean is a man that always
travel  destinations  in  the  Caribbean.works with love for Haiti, one of the World's
poorest countries. Recently, he makes perhaps
1944: Dewitt Peters, an Americanhis best work: "Yele Haiti", a foundation
school-teacher, founded the Centre d'Art inwhich works for the human development in the
Port -au-Prince Since 1944, Centre d'ArtIsland. Like Miriam Makeba in South Africa or
became the centre of the Haitian painting. ItBianca Jagger in Nicaragua, Jean loves his
is now one of Haiti´s biggest touristroots. In an interview for Magazine, Wyclef
attractions, and every year thousands ofJean discussed about Haitian roots: "I am
people came to see the paintings and other100% Haitian. I am proud to be Haitian. I
work  of  Haitian  art.still have my Haitian passport. I represent
Haiti in everything that I do. Every head in
1945: Haiti becomes the 26th member of thethe industry knows that I am
United  Nations  in  October.Haitian…they know what I'm about. I was
Haitian forst. Haitian till die!", said Jean.
1956: Haiti establishes diplomatic relations
with  the  Republic  of  China  (Taiwan).Discography: Wyclef Jean Present the Carnival
Featuring the refugee All-Stars (1997) / The
1956: Daniel Fignolé is President of theEcleftic:2 Sides II a Book/ Masquerade (2002)
Provisional Council and Head of State of/ The Preacher's (2003)/ Sak Pasé
HaitiPresents: Creole 101( 2004) /Hips Don't Lie
(with  Shakira,  2006).
1957-1971:After working for a time as a
traditional doctor, Francois Duvalier becameSPECIAL  AWARDS
one of Haiti's most famous doctors. In 1957,
Duvalier is elected President of the RepublicGerthie  David  "The  Black  Goddess"
of Haiti. President Duvalier announced: "My
government will guarantee the exercise ofIn 1975, many Haitian people were shocked to
liberty to all Haitians". Francois Duvalier,open their newspapers and see photographs of
also known for his nickname "Papa Doc",Gerthie David Miss Haiti in El Salvador. On
emerged as Head of State and quickly gainedthe night of July 19th 1975, in San Salvador,
nearly absolute power. In 1961 "Papa Doc"Gerthie David, Miss Haiti, was the second
rewrote the National Constitution. After, heblack woman to first runner-up in the history
became the first "President for Eternity ofof Miss Universe Pageant. After winning the
Haiti". In the 1960s and 1970s "Papa Doc"Miss Haiti title, Gerthie went to San
popularizes superstitions ideas to HaitiSalvador, the capital city of El Salvador, to
through a series of important voodoo rites.enter the Miss Universe Contest. The
The Duvalier dictatorship instituted rigcompetence was exhausting, very hard, for
press censorship. International agenciesexample Miss Bolivia, Jackeline Gammarra,
accuse government of grave human rightsgreat favorite, was eliminated. This day,
abuses. His regime of terror resulted in theMiss Haiti looks like a black goddess. Her
deaths of least 30000 Haitian. The Island isexotic beauty and charming personality are
one of the most dangerous countries in theamazing! At 1,72m in height, she was the best
Third  World.in the evening gown competition, but her
speech about the Haitian superstitions swayed
1957-1981: Haitian First Lady Simone Ovidethousands of applauses in the 25th Edition of
became one of the most dominant women in thethe Contest. Certainly, Miss Haiti captive to
history of Haiti. Simone, wife of the mostthe judges Sarah Vaughan (American black
famous dictator of Haiti, gained in influencesinger), Maribel Arrieta (Miss El Salvador
and  power  through  corruption  and  crime.1955 and First runner-up at Miss Universe
1955), Jean Claude Killy (French sportsmen)
1957-1989: For many decades, Haiti does notand  Leon  Uris(American  writer  ).
have diplomatic relations with the USSR,
People's Republic of China, Cuba, Hungary,When Bob Barker, the host this pageant,
South  Africa  and  East  Germany.announces the final placements, Gerthie was
cheered by the entire auditorium. Suddenly,
1960: The Tonton Macoutes, the brutal secrether pulse rate beats at thousand per
police, initiated a "Haitian genocide" inminute… "First runner-up is Miss
which political prisoners were tortured andHaiti!", said Barker. She was one of the most
executed.exotic delegates in all history of Miss
Universe. In the 1970s, Gerthie David was a
1964: Joseph Eduard Gaetjens, the idol ofmodel from Port-au Prince and she became a
millions of Haitians, is arrested and killedsymbol to the Haitian youth. Next months, in
by the Tonton Macoutes, the sinister HaitianLondon, Joelle Apollon, Miss Haiti-World,
secret police. Like John Barnes (Jamaica) andcame in sixth place at Miss World 1975.After
Everald "Gally" Cummings (Trinidad Tobago),sixteen years, Marjorie Vincent, formerly
he was a great footballer in the Caribbean.Miss Illinois 1991,won the title of Miss
After, Gaetjens become a world symbol of theAmerica Pageant. The first Miss America to
struggle against dictatorship in the Thirdoriginate from the Caribbean. In other words,
World. He had dual Haitian and AmericanMarjorie Vincent has Haitian roots.
nationality and played at 1950 World Cup forFurthermore, she was the second black woman
the United States. Son of Haitian mother andto  win  the  pageant.
Belgium father, he played for many clubs in
the United States. The year 1950 was a verySPORTS
important year for Gaetjens: the United
States beat England 1-0, the birthplace ofLike in Brazil or Italy, the football is the
the  modern  football.most popular sport in Haiti. Certainly, the
national pastime is the football. A different
1964: Francois Duvalier changed the nationalof the Dominican Republic or Puerto Rico, the
flag. Black and red are the colors chosen byHaitian people don't like the baseball. In
Duvalier. Black, which is similar to thethe 20th Century, football became the most
Angolan flag, represents the descendants ofpopular sport in the Island, thanks to such
the patriot Francois Toussaint L'Ouvertureheroes as Sylvio Cator, Joseph Gaetjens and
and is also the traditional color of theEmmanuel Sanon. In 1974 Haiti qualified for
Haitian people. While, red symbolizes thethe  World  Cup  in  Germany.
country`s independence. But the original
flag, used since 1803, was removed in 1986 byEmmanuel Sanon was one of the Haiti's most
order  of  the  new  government.popular players and played at the 1974 World
Cup. Sanon made a great contribution to
1966: Haile Selassie, the Emperor ofHaitian football because he played in more
Ethiopia, arrives in Port-au-Prince. UnderWorld Cup qualifiers any other Haitian. He is
the leadership of Dictator Francois Duvalier,still very popular with local fans. Other
many African countries maintain officialphenomenal talent was Joseph Eduard Gaetjens.
diplomatic  relations  with  Haiti.He represented both Haiti and the United
States. He made FIFA World Cup History: When
1967: The Comedians, a film by Britishscored United States opening goal in the 1950
director Peter Glenville, inspired in theWorld Cup against England. Joseph came to the
cruel Haitian dictatorship by the DuvalierUnited States in the 1940s to play in the
family.American Soccer League. His beautiful play in
the Brookhattan Club made in a national star.
1971: After Duvalier's death, power passed toIn 1953, he played for Haiti for the first
his son Jean Claude Duvalier, the man whotime.
became known throughout the world as "Baby
Doc". Baby Doc is as dictatorial as hisIt's practically impossible to talk about
father. Haiti is ruled by iron hand.Haitian athletes without mentioning Sylvio
Duvalier, best known for his anticommunistCator. He is a legend in this sport. Cator
political, is omnipresent. Many oppositionwon the silver medal in the long jump at 1928
leaders were arrested. He is accused of humanAmsterdam Olympics. Cator returned home to a
rights abuses. Thousand of Haitian peoplehero's welcome. From 1928 to 1930, he was
fled the country. Corruption is prevalent atrecord man in the long jump. Cator was a
all levels of government. The health systemmarvelous jumper and footballer. He also
is  one  of  the  worst  in  the  Americas.played an important role in popularizing
football in the Island (it was the captain of
1974: The sporting system is one of the worstHaitian  National  Team).
in the Third World, but Haiti qualified for
the 1974 FIFA World Cup. Haiti beatSince then, he is an example for young people
Trinidad-Tobago in the World Cup qualifiers.in Haiti. He died in November 1938, but today
Is one of the greatest sporting moment, inthe people of Haiti still think of him with
the chronology, comparing it to somethingrespect. Many years after Cator's death, the
like Sylvio Cator, who won a silver medal inNational Stadium in Por-au-Prince was renamed
long jump in the 1928 Olympics Games inin his honor. Cator was the first of the
Holland.great Caribbean sportsmen that would come to
dominate  world  track  and  field.
1975: In El Salvador, Miss Haiti, Gerthie
David, is named first runner up at MissFAMOUS  ATHLETES
Universe Pageant… transmitting live to
millions by CBS. After, Gerthie David isBruny Surin (Canada-Haiti/track field)/
acclaimed in Port-au-Prince as a nationalEdrick Floreal (Canada-Haiti/track field)/
heroine. Miss Haiti competed with 71 otherSamuel Dalembert ( USA-Haiti/basketball) /
women from around the world for the title ofRonald Agenor (USA-Haiti/tennis)/ Sylvio
Miss Universe, including Miss USA, SummerCator (track and field)/ Yves Jeudy (Box)/
Barthollomew.Dieudonne Lamothe (marathon)/ Ludovic
Augustin (shooting)/ Ludovic Volborge
1980: Like Canada, West Germany South Korea(shooting)/ Joseph Eduard Gaetjens (Haiti-USA
and Kenya, Haiti boycott the Moscow Olympicfootball)/ Dudley Dorival (track field)/ Fitz
Games in protest for Soviet invasion ofPlantin Andre (football)/ Emmanuel Sanon
Afghanistan(football)/ Josmer Altidore (Haitian-American
football).
1980-1986: Jean-Claude Duvalier, Haiti's
longtime dictator, married Michelle Bennett,Dudley Dorival (track and field): Dudley
an aristocratic lady. A little more thanDorival was born on 1 September 1975 in
three months later, Bennett-Duvalier becomesElizabeth (New Jersey, USA). Dorival is the
First Lady of Haiti. Like Eva Peronson of Haitian parents and got Haitian
(Argentina) or Jiang Qing (People's Republicnationality just in time for the XXVII Summer
of China), she was a woman with great power.Olympics Games. Since the 2000 Olympics,
Michelle Bennett promoted her mulattoDudley Dorival has competed in international
countrymen to positions of leadership in thecompetitions under the banner of Haiti. In
dictatorship at his expense of theSydney (Australia) Dorival finished 7th in
African-Haitians.the 110m hurdles. He became the first Haitian
to Olympic finalist since Yves Jeudy (boxer)
1982: The National History Park (La Citadellein 1976. He won the silver medal at the 1994
Laferriere, Sans Souci Palace and Ramiers) isWorld Junior Championship, the bronze at the
designated as a World Heritage Site by the2001 World Chanpionship and the gold medal at
UNESCO. Like Machu Picchu (Peru) and Angkorthe 2002 Central American and Caribbean Games
What (Cambodia), the National History Park isEl Salvador. Dorival is one of the best
considered  among  the  wonders of the world.sportsman  in  the  history  of  Haiti.
1982: Ronald Agenor wins a gold medal inFAMOUS  WOMEN
men's tennis singles at the Central American
and Caribbean Sports Games La Havana. HeMichaëlla Jean (Governor-General of
captures  the  hearts  of  the  Island.Canada)/ Yvonne Neptune (former Prime
Minister)/Claudette Werleigh (Prime Minister
1983: Pope John Paul arrives in Haiti for a1995-1996)/Lina Blanchet (singer)/ Edwidge
visit. "Things most change here", said JohnDanticat (writer)/ Michelle Bennett
Paul  II.Duvalier(First Lady of Haiti 1981-1986)/ Luce
Turnier (painter)/ Ertha Pascal-Trouillot
1986: As Jean-Claude consolidated his power,(Head of State 1990-1991)/ Marie Casimir
he consistently refused to consider(journalist) / Sonia Sekula (Painter) / Marie
constitutional reform. The insurrectionChauvet (writer)/ Suzanne Comhaire-Sylvain
against the dictator Jean Claude Duvalier(writer)/ Carmen Brouard (singer)/Dayana
began…Antigovernment protesters in theBennett (journalist and actress) / Elie Price
capital. Many deaths, injuries and arrests.(singer)/ Blanche Bosselman (singer)/ Lina
Seeming end to long Haitian dictatorship withMathon (singer)/ Georgette Moliere (singer)/
fall  of  Duvalier  regime.Simone Ovide Duvalier (First Lady of Haiti
1957-1981)/ Marleine Bastien (human rights
1987: Haiti has one of the America's rates ofleader)/ Garcelle Beauvais (actress and
HIV  infectionmodel)/ Deborah Saint-Phard (track and field)
Antoinette Gauthier (track and field),
1987: The New Constitution restored many ofLouise Pierre (track and field)/ Rose
the liberties abolished by the DuvalierGauthier  (track  and  field)
family. The National Constitution recognizes
both French and Creole as official languages.Edwidge Danticat (writer): One of the
A new opposition emerged under Jean-BertrandCaribbean's most famous writers in the 21st
Aristide.Century. She has written several novels and
collections of shore stories, including Kri?
1988: Writer Rene Depestre wins the PrixKra!, nominated for a National Book Award.
Ranandot. Depestre, a Haitian dissident nowDanticat attracted international attention in
living in France, was cited his novel1997 when she wrote perhaps her most famous
Hadriana dans tous mes reves. By thenovel Farming of the Bones, a story about
mid-1980s Rene Depestre had become well knowngenocide Haitians under the repressive
in  literacy  circles  outside  Haiti.dictatorship  of  Rafael  Leonidas  Trujillo.
1990: Ertha Pascall-Trouillot becomes theGarcelle Beauvais (actress): She is the first
first black woman elected of head of state inHaitian actress to star on television.
the  world.Although she has lived in the United States
for many years, the actress and former
1990: First multi-party elections.fashion model Garcelle Beauvais was born in
Jean-Bertrand Aristide, a charismatic blackSaint Marc, a city in Haiti, in 1966. She is
leader, was elected president of Haiti.perhaps best known for her role as Francesca
Aristide is the first democratic presidentMonroe on TV's the Jamie Foxx Show. Like
since 1804.He was elected with the mostGerthie David, Joelle Apollon, Evelyn Miot,
popular support of any Haitian presidentialand Marjorie Vincent, she has the classic
candidate  in  the  history.beauty  of  the  Haitian  black  woman
1991: Military coup in the country. RaoulREFERENCES:
Cedras, leader of the coup, emerged as head
of the new government. This year marked the-Bennet Patterson, Carolyn."Haiti: Beyond
end of eight months of democracy. Under newmountains, more mountains", National
government, all political parties wereGeographic,  Washington  DC,  January  1976
dissolved.
-Bishop,Randa. "Imponentes monumentos
1991-1995: Like Equatorial Guinea, Cuba andhaitianos", Americas, Washington DC,
North Korea, Haiti has one of the mostenero-febrero  1987
serious human rights problems in the Third
World.-Cobb,Charles. "Haiti against all odds",
National  Geographic,  November  1987
1993: United Nations imposed economic
sanctions on Haiti, one of the most densely-Encyclopaedia Britannica Book of the Year
populated  nations  in  the  Americas.1981, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Chicago, 1980
1994: Peaceful occupation by United States-Encyclopaedia Britannica Almanac 2003,
forces to restore democratic electoralEncyclopaedia  Britannica,  Chicago,  2002
system. Raoul Cedras and his family went into
exile in Panama City. Aristide was restored-Guevara Onofre, Alejandro. Enciclopedia
to  power.Mundototal 1999, Editorial San Marcos, Lima,
1998
1995: In Port-au-Prince, sub-war violence
includes assassination of Meireille Durocher-Hunter, Brian. The Statesman's Year-Book
Bertin.1991-92,  The  Macmillan  Press,  1991
1995: In Beijing, the capital of city of the-Moritz, Charles. Current Biography Yearbook
People's Republic of China, Haiti1972,  H.W  Wilson  Company,  NY
participated in the UN`s Fourth World
Conference  on  Women-Sconfield, John. "Haiti-West Africa in the
West Indies", National Geographic, Washington
1996:More than 5,000 Haitians had been killedDC,  February  1961
and miles more fled to abroad, United States,
Canada, Bahamas and Dominican Republic, since-The International Who's Who 1996-97, Europe
1991.Publications,  London,  1996
1998: Haitian president Renè Garcia Preval-The World Almanac 2001, World Almanac Books,
arrives in Taipei (Taiwan) for a four-dayNew  Jersey,  2001
state visit. He and President Lee will sign a
communiqué to strengthen bilateral-Tibballs, Geoff. The Olympics´ strangest
friendship  and  cooperation.moments,  Robson  Books,  London,  2004
1999: Dominican president Leonel Fernandez-Vargas Llosa, Mario. "Haití: la muerte",
visit  to  Haiti  as part of a new diplomacy.El  Comercio,  Lima,  25.4.1994
2002: In Paris, Dudley Dorival finished 3rd-Visión. "Imperio del Poder Vitalicio",
in the 110 hurdles at the WorldSantiago  de  Chile,  17  de  marzo  de  1967
Championships. He becomes the 1st Haitian to
win an individual international medal since-Wallechinsky, David. The complete Book of
1928.Dorival was born in New Jersey, Unitedthe  Olympics,  Aurum  Press,  London,  2004
States, to Haitian parents on 1 September
1975. He in 2000 officially became a citizen-Wallechinsky, David-Wallace, Irving.
of  Haiti.



1 A B C D 63 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109