Nicaragua: The Tobacco-Producing Country That Endures

To cigar smokers, Nicaragua is already legendary.country from 1912 to 1933. Left-wing guerilla Augusto
Through regime change, social upheaval, and revolution,Sandino led an effort to expel them, which was
this Latin American nation has produced some of thepartially successful; but Anastasio Somoza Garcia, a
world's finest tobacco. And since the post-1959 "cigarconservative, later secretly ordered his assassination,
diaspora"-when many of Cuba's great cigar makersputting an end to a brief left-and-right coalition
fled the country to seek more propitious conditionsgovernment. The Somozas ruled until 1979, when a
than those they expected to find under Castro-it'sparty named after that dead guerilla-the FSLN, or
produced many of the world's finest cigars, too.Sandinista party-ousted them from power. The wheel
Since 1959, Nicaragua has been a cigar powerhouse,turns again. And again: during the '80s, the country was
producing some of the highest-ranked and best-sellingtorn apart by war between the right-wing, US-backed
premium cigars in the world: CAO, Perdomo, Padron,Contras and the left-wing, ruling Sandinistas (who, on
Don Pepin Garcia and Drew Estate among manythe good side, reduced the country's widespread
others. It competes even with the wares of theilliteracy by a stunning forty percent within five months,
Dominican Republic and Cuba, currently the cigarbut on the bad side, committed human rights violations
world's reigning superpowers. But there's a lot more toduring the civil war).
this country than just great smokes: from theThe Sandinistas, incidentally, almost destroyed the
marvelous ancient footprints of Acahualinca to thecountry's preeminence among cigar-tobacco growers.
fact that it was the first Latin American nation to electIn trying to put the desperately-poor, and politically
a woman President, Nicaragua has a history worthencircled, nation on a more secure economic footing,
knowing about-and one that may impact its future asthe Sandinistas ordered tobacco farmers to switch to
a cigar lover's capital.cultivating cigarette tobacco. (This was before the
Roughly the size of New York, the country is rich in"cigar boom" of the 1990s; many observers expected
natural resources-so much so that nearly twentythe market for cigars to continue to dwindle.)
percent of its territory is taken up by one or anotherWherever a person may come down politically, cigar
officially-designated nature preserve. Predictably, thissmokers can agree that this was a mistake!
fertile and beautiful country has been the subject ofBoth sides in the nation's long culture war were heavily
frequent political power struggles: first between thehit in 1998 by Hurricane Mitch, one of many natural
various Spanish Conquistadores and the indigenousdisasters to wreak havoc on this beleaguered country.
population, which has had a presence in the area forAfter decades of civil war had handicapped its
at least six thousand years and was nearly wiped outeconomy and wrecked much of its infrastructure, this
by 1529. Nicaragua was later annexed by the Mexicancataclysmic hurricane did away with nearly seventy
Empire, finally achieving independence in 1838; sincepercent of the infrastructure still standing at the time.
then, rival conservative and liberal factions have foughtUnder the circumstances, it's amazing that Nicaragua
each other for control of the country's destiny. Therecontinues to enjoy the regional importance that it
was civil war during the 1840s and '50s, during whichdoes-but sometimes amazing things happen. Nicaragua
an American pretender, William Walker, briefly declaredmakes three hundred million in exports every year
himself the country's leader after double-crossing the(mostly agricultural), boasts one of the best-regarded
Liberals who had recruited him to fight in the war.rums in Latin America (Flor de Cana), enjoys a
(Several Latin American countries' armies united toflourishing tourism industry and, of course, makes some
chase him out of the country the following year, intruly heavenly tobacco. Though it's considered a
1856.)developing nation, it did recently earn a ranking from
This pattern-conservative-vs.-liberal infighting, withthe World Bank as the sixty-second best place to
occasional interference from the nearest worldstart a new business-the highest-performing Central
power-continued through the twentieth century. AAmerican country in this particular ranking, except for
US-backed Conservative regime ruled for decadesPanama.
early in the century, with Marines occupying the