Coffee Bean Species and Varieties

The coffee beans we grind and use to brew coffeebeans are similar to Brazilian, but have a lighter,
come from the Coffea evergreen bush, grown in oversharper, almost tangy flavor. Mexico is also a great
50 countries around the globe. Each year, the Coffeeproducer of coffee beans. The beans here vary in
bush flowers and develops a cherry-like fruit, insideflavor and texture, from dry and light to thicker and
which are typically two small seeds or coffee beans.deeper in complexion and flavor. Although many of the
There are 10 different species of Coffea bush, the firstbeans grown in Latin America are of the Arabica
of which was discovered in Ethiopia some thousandsvariety, some regions grow Canephora bushes. The
of years ago. Once man discovered the coffee bean,seeds of the Coffea Canephora bush have fewer oils
its cultivation and use spread to the Middle East,-- and in lesser quantities -- than Arabica beans do.
Europe, Asia and beyond. Today, much of the coffeeLess oil and higher acidity give coffees brewed from
we drink is made from beans that were grown in Latinthese beans a slightly more bitter quality. Despite this,
America, Western Africa, Indonesia and the Philippines,Canephora is still a very popular coffee bean, used
and continental southeastern Asia. Two species ofworldwide in cheap, canned coffee blends and
coffee bean -- Coffea Arabica and Canephora --expensive espresso roasts. Canephora beans typically
constitute more than 90 percent of the coffee beanshave almost 50% more caffeine than Arabica beans.
sold on the international market. Depending on theCanephora beans are more widely cultivated in Asia
region, species of coffee, roasting, and preparation,than Arabica. These varietals are known for having a
coffee beans can infuse a cup of coffee with amore acidic and bitter, although not unpleasant, flavor.
variety of flavors and textures.Most of the coffee beans we use come from island
The seeds of the Coffea Arabica bush are grown allnations in Asia, such as Sumatra and the island of
over the world and account for 75% of the coffeeKomodo. Coffees brewed from these regional beans
beans we use to make our hot beverages. Arabicahave a full texture and a slightly acrid, herbal flavor.
beans are very flavorful and contain less caffeine thanJava and Kona varietals are especially popular and
Canephora beans. Coffea Arabica bushes are grownmake a wonderful morning coffee due to their earthy,
principally in Western Africa and Latin America.almost stringent quality.
Different regions of these countries are known forOther factors that influence the taste of a coffee
producing a different type of coffee bean; that is, abean or cup of coffee are roasting methods and final
coffee bean lending a different flavor when brewed.preparation. As a rule of thumb, the greater the
These different region types are called varietals. Theamount of time spent roasting, the darker, more
climate, soil, weather, and particular plants and seedsfull-bodied, and flavorful a coffee will be. Although
give regions their distinctive coffee bean tastes. Incoffee beans lose essential oils -- and caffeine --
Africa, Arabica bean cultivation can be found induring roasting, they change chemically during the
Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and the northern Muslimroasting process, and acquire new, different and
countries, among others. Ethiopian coffee beans haveflavorful oils. The darkest roast is known as Italian,
an easy, smooth flavor and are delightfully accentedwhich is preceded by French, Full City, City, American,
by floral notes. Kenyan coffees are also smooth, but aand other, lighter coffee roasts. French roasts are
bit tartier than Ethiopian beans. They have a pleasantlyused to make espresso, because they have a high oil
fruity aftertaste, as does coffee brewed fromcontent and low acidity. City roast is common in
Tanzanian beans. These beans are a lovely afternoonwestern United States, and American roast is
coffee, with a milder texture and flavor than itssynonymous with eastern cities, including New York
northern counterparts.and Boston. These coffees are often produced using
A great variety of coffee bean flavors come fromthe drip method. Some people opt for a French press,
Latin America. Coffee beans grown in Brazil lendthe use of which results in a stronger flavor and oily
coffee a slightly bitter cocoa flavor with rich nuttytexture. Using an espresso machine to brew coffee
undertones. A favorite of many, Columbian coffee isalso lends the coffee a strong flavor, as well as higher
very rich and bold, a great morning coffee, with a thick,caffeine content.
dark texture and a walnut finish. Costa Rican coffee