What Makes a Third World Country?

The term "Third World" was invented by Frenchpoorest residents, who don't have a cistern and pump,
demographer Alfred Sauvy in 1952. Although it hadcould have running water as well.
political connotations at that time, it now simply refersThe roads were another thing that amazed us. Some
to underdeveloped countries. It is typically thought topolitician had come through and build nice new roads
signify poverty more than anything else, but after ouralmost ten years earlier, in both San Vicente and
recent trip to South America, my wife and I havenearby Bahia. But since that time not one penny had
come to understand it differently.been spent repairing them. The result? Traffic goes
My wife Ana was born and raised in Ecuador, andslow and cars drive all over both sides of the roads to
remembers using buckets of water to take a shower,avoid the worst holes. I'm sure there is expensive
because the city where she lived as a child didn't havedamage caused to cars as well. Apparently, no
running water in all parts. When we were in Ecuador inthought was given to the cost of maintenance - or
October of 2007, we were disappointed to learn thatany plan for it - when the roads were built.
thirty years later, there still isn't running water in manyI should point out that the water and power is always
towns. This is particularly sad given the economicon in Guayaquil or in Quito, the capital of Ecuador. In
boom that has taken place in the country in the last sixthese cities, the streets are maintained, and people are
years.buying cars and everything else with easy credit, just
Third World Equals A Lack Of Basic Serviceslike in the United States. The shopping malls are
We bought a small piece of property in San Vicente,actually nicer than anything I have seen in the U.S. In
Ecuador, a hundred yards from the ocean. Ana'sother words, there is money here. In fact, there are
grandmother is building a small house on it, and weeven new subdivisions popping up all over, with more
were curious to see how it was going. We werepeople than ever buying new homes due to easy
surprised to see that it was almost complete.financing.
However, the appearance of faucets and a niceBut this development is very uneven, to say the least.
shower can be misleading. I turned on the shower andThe smaller cities still have poor roads, problems with
nothing happened.basic police service (don't leave clothes drying on the
Relatives that live nearby explained that the city hadline overnight, we were told), and no regular running
water only once every week or two for a few hourswater. This lack of basic services, we decided, is what
(Thursday mornings, we discovered). Fortunately, myreally sets third world countries apart from the rest.
wife's grandmother had installed a large cistern thatInterestingly, everywhere where private companies are
held thousands of gallons of water. When the cityinvolved, things are going great. This means wonderful
water came on, this was filled, and easily lasted untilmalls, new ways to buy cars and homes, and even
the next time the water was on. But she was still usingsome nice private parks. Internet service is as fast in
buckets to bring that water into the house for showersthe big cities of Ecuador as anywhere in the world.
and dish washing.Anything that is done by the government, on the other
We bought a pump and paid to have it installed. Nowhand, is done poorly. This includes roads, parks, water
there was running water all the time, except for theand sewage systems, and anything else they touch.
occasional hour when the electricity went out. ButPerhaps the first thing that a third world country like
pumps are stolen quickly we were told, even fromEcuador needs to do is start contracting these things
walled communities, so we had to have a cementout to private companies. Even the poor of Ecuador
pump house built, with a locking gate. Problem solved.who can't afford a thousand dollars to have a cistern
This got us to thinking. I have never been a fan ofand pump can afford to pay a bit more in taxes to
higher taxes, but that is exactly what came to mind ashave basic services.
a necessity. Our property taxes there are somethingOur experience in Ecuador, and what we have read
like $25 per year, which seemed nice at first, butabout other such "poor" countries that are actually rich
consider the thousands of houses here, most with anin many resources, has made us reconsider what it
expensive cistern, a pump (or a gravity-fed systemmeans to be a third world country, and what causes
with a tank), and a pump house. If the taxes were athis state of affairs. It is a lack of basic services that
little higher, could the city have a water system thatmore accurately defines such countries, it seems, and
worked, thus avoiding the necessity for all theseit is bad government above all that is the root cause of
things? Of course, this would also mean that thethe problems.