| Working principle | | | | The ESP system consists of a number of |
| ESP systems are effective for pumping produced | | | | components that turn a staged series of centrifugal |
| fluids to surface. | | | | pumps to increase the pressure of the well fluid and |
| A system of mechanical seals are used to prevent | | | | push it to the surface. The energy to turn the pump |
| the fluid being pumped from entering the motor and | | | | comes from a high-voltage (3 to 5 kV) |
| causing a short circuit. The pump can either be | | | | alternating-current source to drive a special motor that |
| connected to a pipe, flexible hose or lowered down | | | | can work at high temperatures of up to 300 F |
| guide rails or wires so that the pump sits on a "ducks | | | | (149 C) and high pressures of up to 5,000 psi |
| foot" coupling, thereby connecting it to the delivery | | | | (34 MPa), from deep wells of up to 12,000 feet |
| pipework. | | | | (3.7 km) deep with high energy requirements of up to |
| Applications | | | | about 1000 horsepower (750 kW). ESPs have |
| Submersible pumps are found in many applications. | | | | dramatically lower efficiencies with significant fractions |
| Single stage pumps are used for drainage, sewage | | | | of gas, greater than about 10% volume at the pump |
| pumping, general industrial pumping and slurry pumping. | | | | intake. Given their high rotational speed of up to 4000 |
| They are also popular with aquarium filters. Multiple | | | | rpm (67 Hz) and tight clearances, they are not very |
| stage submersible pumps are typically lowered down | | | | tolerant of solids such as sand. |
| a borehole and used for water abstraction or in water | | | | See also |
| wells. | | | | Oil well |
| Special attention to the type of ESP is required when | | | | Centrifugal pump |
| using certain types of liquids. ESP's commonly used on | | | | Eductor-jet pump |
| board naval vessels cannot be used to dewater | | | | Sewage pumping |
| contaminated flooded spaces. These use a 440 volt A | | | | References |
| C motor that operates a small centrifugal pump. It can | | | | ^ a b c Lyons (ed), Standard Handbook of Petroleum |
| also be used out of the water, taking suction with a 2-1 | | | | & Natural Gas Engineering", p. 662 |
| 2 inch non-collapsible hose. The pumped liquid is | | | | ^ Other forms of artificial lift include Gas Lift, Beam |
| circulated around the motor for cooling purposes. | | | | Pumping, Plunger Lift and Progressive cavity pump. |
| There is a possibility that the gasoline will leak into the | | | | Lyons, William C., ed (1996). Standard Handbook of |
| pump causing a fire or destroying the pump, so hot | | | | Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering. 2 (6 ed.). |
| water and flammable liquids should be avoided. | | | | Gulf Professional Publishing. ISBN 0884156435. |
| ESP usage in oil wells | | | | External links |
| Submersible pumps are used in oil production to | | | | Water well pump article |
| provide a relatively efficient form of "artificial lift", able | | | | ESP Artificial Lift Professional Community Knowledge |
| to operate across a broad range of flow rates and | | | | Base |
| depths. By decreasing the pressure at the bottom of | | | | Submerged Pump system is employs is deferential |
| the well (by lowering bottomhole flowing pressure, or | | | | strategies so well, combining two kind of pump in same |
| increasing drawdown), significantly more oil can be | | | | machine |
| produced from the well when compared with natural | | | | Wikimedia Commons has media related to: |
| production.[citation needed] The pumps are typically | | | | Submersible pumpsv d e |
| electrically powered and referred to as Electrical | | | | Petroleum industry |
| Submersible Pumps (ESP).[citation needed] | | | | Exploration |
| ESP systems consist of both surface components | | | | Petroleum engineering (Reservoir simulation Seismic |
| (housed in the production facility, for example an oil | | | | to simulation) Petroleum geology Geophysics |
| platform) and sub-surface components (found in the | | | | Seismic (Seismic inversion) Petrophysics Core |
| well hole). Surface components include the motor | | | | sampling |
| controller (often a variable speed controller), surface | | | | Drilling |
| cables and transformers. Subsurface components | | | | Drilling engineering Underbalanced drilling Directional |
| typically include the pump, motor, seal and cables. A | | | | drilling (Measurement while drilling Geosteering) |
| gas separator is sometimes installed. | | | | Drilling fluid Drill Stem Test |
| The pump itself is a multi-stage unit with the number of | | | | Development |
| stages being determined by the operating | | | | Completion (Squeeze job) Well logging Pipeline |
| requirements. Each stage consists of a driven impeller | | | | transport Tracers |
| and a diffuser which directs flow to the next stage of | | | | Production |
| the pump. Pumps come in diameters from 90mm | | | | Artificial lift (Pumpjack ESP Gas lift) EOR (Steam |
| (3.5 inches) to 254mm (10 inches) and vary between | | | | injection Gas reinjection) Water injection Well |
| 1 metre (3 ft) and 8.7 metres (29 ft) in length. The | | | | intervention Upstream Midstream Downstream |
| motor used to drive the pump is typically a three | | | | Refining |
| phase, squirrel cage induction motor, with a nameplate | | | | Technical challenges |
| power rating in the range 7.5 kW to 560 kW (at 60 | | | | Differential sticking Drilling fluid invasion Blowouts |
| Hz). | | | | Lost circulation |
| New varieties of ESP can include a water/oil | | | | Oil and gas agreements |
| separator which permits the water to be reinjected | | | | Production sharing agreements Concessions |
| into the reservoir without the need to lift it to the | | | | Service Agreements Risk agreements |
| surface. Major brands are Schlumberger's Reda, | | | | Data by country |
| Woodgroup's ESP, Weatherford BORETS and Baker | | | | Total energy (consumption per capita intensity) |
| Hughes' Centrilift. Until recently, ESPs had been highly | | | | Natural gas (consumption production reserves |
| costly to install due to the requirement of an electric | | | | imports exports) Petroleum (consumption |
| cable downhole. This cable had to be wrapped around | | | | production reserves imports exports) |
| jointed tubing and connected at each joint. New coiled | | | | Supermajors |
| tubing umbilicals allow for both the piping and electric | | | | ExxonMobil Royal Dutch Shell BP Chevron |
| cable to deployed with a single conventional coiled | | | | Corporation ConocoPhillips Total S.A. |
| tubing unit. | | | | |