The Coal based thermal power plants and the need for alternate energy sources for Green India

The complete article is also available atrehabilitation measures. The environmental problems
There was certainly an element of surprise in thecaused by burning and mining of coal are unrelenting.
market when the Indian GDP numbers for theThe operations of Thermal power stations aren't going
September 2009 quarter were released. India hadgood either. The plants are now facing newer
clocked a record GDP growth of 7.9 percent asproblems due to insufficient domestic coal supply. India
against the market expectations of 6.3 percent. Theis experiencing shortages in the production of domestic
Indian bellwether indexes Sensex and Nifty reachedcoal and has now started to import coal. Recently
new highs for the year after the announcement ofaround 23 Thermal power stations including the Super
GDP numbers.thermal power stations like NTPC faced critical coal
India is witnessing a rapid economic growth, and sostock levels and had to cut down their production
with it are the growing energy needs of the country.levels. The power cuts were imminent. As per a study
Power demand in the country touched an all-time highIndia Inc has supposedly lost Rs.43,205 crore in
of 99,027 MW recently, a year-on-year growth of2008-09 due to power outages. There are also
over 16%. This is in sharp contrast to the situation ingrowing fears now that at the current rate of coal
US where the overall power consumption is expectedconsumption the coal reserves of India may get
to decline by over 1.4%. According to forecasts fromexhausted by 2040 and India may have to to depend
Mckinsey and company[2008], India’s demand forentirely on coal imports.
power is set to soar to as much as 315,000 MW byRelying on imports for domestic energy production??
2017 at an average GDP growth rate of 8% per year,This is a serious energy security concern for India and
which is more than double the demand for poweris in stark contrast to India's energy independence
from now. To meet these humongous energyplans. To recall on the eve of the 59th Independence
demands the nation has to scale up rapidly its powerDay, the President of India had emphasized that
generating sources.energy independence should be India’s first and
Currently the power needs of India are primarily methighest priority, and the nation must be determined to
by Thermal power stations followed by Hydro,achieve this within 25 years. The President had called
Renewable (mainly Wind) and Nuclear power stations.for ‘‘an economy which will function well with
Thermal power stations account for nearly 60% oftotal freedom from oil, gas or coal imports’’. To
India’s total power generation and these powerachieve energy independence, India has to reduce its
stations are predominantly Coal based.reliance on energy sources based on imported fuels
India has got domestic reserves of Coal butand look for indigenous sources of power generation.
unfortunately around 80% of coal available in India isIf not for the reasons of environmental pollution and
characterized by high ash content of 35-45%. Burningglobal warming, at least for the costs of operating,
of this inferior quality coal, results in higher Carbonshortages of coal supply and for achieving energy
emissions and lesser efficiency. It also releasesindependence, India has to move aggressively towards
hazardous substances like Nitrogen Oxide, Sulphurnon coal based power generation sources. The
Oxide, particulate matters, bottom ash and Fly ash.alternatives available for non coal source are not only
Causes of several diseases like Asthma, Tuberculosis,much efficient but also much greener. The important
Black lung, kidney diseases and many more have beenones among the alternatives are Solar Energy, Nuclear
attributed to these emissions. Coal mining which is doneEnergy, Wind Energy, Natural gas and Biomass. The
to extract coal to feed into thermal plants is alsoCarbon emissions from these sources are significantly
hazardous. A Coal mine fire detected in Jharia oflow compared to Coal based thermal power stations.
Jharkhand state for which illegal coal mining has beenTo satisfy the humongous power demands of the
blamed, has now risked life of more than 80,000nation and hence for the economic development of
people and the govt is looking for evacuation andIndia, Going Green seems to be the only way to go.